UNIT 1. HEALTH
Lesson 1. Mind Power
What you’ll learn:
Vocabulary: Keeping Brain Healthy
Grammar: Have/Get something Done
Speaking: Discussing the brain and brain activities
Writing: A short paragraph and a list of ideas about brain activities

| absorb [ əb'sɔ:b] (v) take in and understand fully (information, ideas, or experience) She absorbed the information in silence. boost [bu:st ] (v) help or encourage (something) to increase or improve. Arrange of measures to boost tourism. bossy ['bɒsı] (adj) fond of giving people orders; domineering. Don’t be so bossy! complexity [kəm'pleksıtı ] (n) the state or quality ofbeing complicated. An issue of great complexity. data ['deıtə] (n) facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis. There is very little data available. distinction [dı'stıη(k)ʃ(ə)n] (n) a difference or contrast between similar things or people. There is a sharp distinction between domestic politics and international politics. entire [ın'tαıə] (adj) whole, complete, total. The entire world. interfere [ ıntə'fıə ] (v) intervene in a situation without invitation or necessity; mix, merge, impede; You promised not to interfere marvel [ mα:v(ə)l ] (v) be filled with wonder or astonishment. She marvelled at Jeffrey ’s work. rigid ['rıdʒıd] (adj) unable to bend or be forced out of shape; not flexible. A seat of rigid orange plastic. store [stɔ:] (v) keep or accumulate (something) for future use. A small room used for storing furniture. tend [tend ] (v) regularly or frequently behave in a particular way or have a certain characteristic. Written language tends to be formal.

LISTEN AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS! Read Listening Material LISTEN AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS! Read Listening Material
Read through the questions. Then listen to the passage and answer the following questions.

1. What is the passage mainly about?
   a) Brain tests revealing the truth
   b) The benefits of physical activity
   c) Effects of exercise on elderly people
   d) Different approaches by two doctors
   e) Brain diseases caused by physical activity
2. Choose the WRONG statement about physical activity according to the passage?
   a) It reduces cancer
   b) It increases diabetes
   c) It improves brain muscles
   d) It minimizes brain diseases
   e) It is recommended to elderly people
3. Choose the correct answer according to the passage.
   Which of the cognitive abilities are improved by aerobic exercise?
   1. Weight lifting
   2. Thinking
   3. Learning
   4. Reading
   5. Eating
   a) 1, 2, 3
   b) 1, 2, 4
   c) 2, 3, 4
   d) 2, 4, 5
   e) 3, 4, 5
4. Which is NOT mentioned according to the passage?
   For healthy brains researchers recommend to ___________
   a) avoid smoking
   b) eat balanced diet
   c) stay mentally active
   d) do physical exercise
   e) have a regular sleep routine
5. Complete the statement according to the passage.
   Through exercise, the brain receives a greater supple of __________, ___________ and __________
6. Write an answer to the question according to the passage.
   What could be the result of doing more exercise for 50- plus age group?

Physical activity has long been known to reduce the risk of brain diseases, including diabetes and some cancers. Through exercise, the brain receives a greater supply of blood, oxygen and nutrients.

Researchers looked at the effects of at least four weeks of physical exercise on the brain function of adults. In a variety of brain tests, they found evidence of aerobic exercise improving cognitive abilities, such as thinking, reading and learning. Muscle training - for example, using weights - had a significant effect on memory and the brain's ability to plan and organize.

Dr Burnett, a lecturer at Cardiff University, said that doing more exercise could lead to increased pressure for the 50-plus age group to stay mentally healthy.

As well as staying physically active, Dr David Reynolds, said it was equally important to look after our brains by staying mentally active, eating a balanced diet and not smoking.

1. What is the passage mainly about?
   a) Brain tests revealing the truth
   b) The benefits of physical activity
   c) Effects of exercise on elderly people
   d) Different approaches by two doctors
   e) Brain diseases caused by physical activity
2. Choose the WRONG statement about physical activity according to the passage?
   a) It reduces cancer
   b) It increases diabetes
   c) It improves brain muscles
   d) It minimizes brain diseases
   e) It is recommended to elderly people
3. Choose the correct answer according to the passage.
   Which of the cognitive abilities are improved by aerobic exercise?
   1. Weight lifting
   2. Thinking
   3. Learning
   4. Reading
   5. Eating
   a) 1, 2, 3
   b) 1, 2, 4
   c) 2, 3, 4
   d) 2, 4, 5
   e) 3, 4, 5
4. Which is NOT mentioned according to the passage?
   For healthy brains researchers recommend to ___________
   a) avoid smoking
   b) eat balanced diet
   c) stay mentally active
   d) do physical exercise
   e) have a regular sleep routine
5. Complete the statement according to the passage.
   Through exercise, the brain receives a greater supple of __________, ___________ and __________
   Answer: blood, oxygen, nutrients.
6. Write an answer to the question according to the passage.
   What could be the result of doing more exercise for 50- plus age group?
   Answer: increased pressure.

Read through the questions. Then listen to the passage and answer the following questions.

1. What is the passage mainly about?
   a) Experiment on losing weight
   b) Future studies on brain parts
   c) The difficulty of losing weight
   d) Effects of fasting on losing weight
   e) Importance of calories in losing weight
2. Which is NOT mentioned about brain scanning experiment according to the passage?
   a) It lasted for two days
   b) It is repeated every year
   c) It was held with 21 people
   d) It involved people of normal weight
   e) It tested the results of skipping breakfast
3. Choose the correct answer according to the passage.
   In brain scanning experiment participants_______________
   1. consumed 730 calories at breakfast
   2. missed lunch at least a day before
   3. ate more after skipping breakfast
   4. were offered lunch at the end
   5. weighed how heavy they are
   a) 1, 2, 3
   b) 1, 3, 4
   c) 2, 3, 4
   d) 2, 4, 5
   e) 3, 4, 5
4. Choose the WRONG statement due to Dr. Tony Goldstone according to the passage.
   a) Losing weight is linked with meal portions
   b) Breakfast stabilizes blood sugar levels
   c) High calorie food is more attractive
   d) Breakfast keeps people fit
   e) Fasting kills the appetite
5. Which word in the passage is closest in meaning to the definition “explore, study, research”
6. Write an answer to the question according to the passage.
   What is the purpose of the future studies?

According to researchers, skipping breakfast makes fatty, high calorie foods appear more attractive later in the day.

Twenty one people, who were all normal weight, participated in a brain scanning experiment. On one day they were given no breakfast before the scans and on a different day they were fed a large, 730 calorie breakfast an hour and a half before. The researchers said skipping breakfast created a "desire" in the brain in favor of high calorie foods. When the researchers offered the participants lunch at the end of the study, people ate a fifth more calories if breakfast was missed.

Dr Tony Goldstone says that fasting makes people hungrier. One reason it is so difficult to lose weight is because of the appeal of high calorie food going up.

He thinks that breakfast is linked to stable blood sugar levels, which keeps you fit.

Future studies will investigate how obesity affects the same system in the brain.

1. What is the passage mainly about?
   a) Experiment on losing weight
   b) Future studies on brain parts
   c) The difficulty of losing weight
   d) Effects of fasting on losing weight
   e) Importance of calories in losing weight
2. Which is NOT mentioned about brain scanning experiment according to the passage?
   a) It lasted for two days
   b) It is repeated every year
   c) It was held with 21 people
   d) It involved people of normal weight
   e) It tested the results of skipping breakfast
3. Choose the correct answer according to the passage.
   In brain scanning experiment participants_______________
   1. consumed 730 calories at breakfast
   2. missed lunch at least a day before
   3. ate more after skipping breakfast
   4. were offered lunch at the end
   5. weighed how heavy they are
   a) 1, 2, 3
   b) 1, 3, 4
   c) 2, 3, 4
   d) 2, 4, 5
   e) 3, 4, 5
4. Choose the WRONG statement due to Dr. Tony Goldstone according to the passage.
   a) Losing weight is linked with meal portions
   b) Breakfast stabilizes blood sugar levels
   c) High calorie food is more attractive
   d) Breakfast keeps people fit
   e) Fasting kills the appetite
5. Which word in the passage is closest in meaning to the definition “explore, study, research”
   Answer: investigate
6. Write an answer to the question according to the passage.
   What is the purpose of the future studies?
   Answer: to explore the effects of obesity to the brain.